SuperHuman Western Civilization

-Julius Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son-octavian takes over at the age of eighteen with his own triumvirate -Mark Antony is an experienced general -Lepidus is a powerful politician -Octavian forces the wack Lepidus to retire -He and Mark Antony become rivals -Octavian defeats them at the battle of Actium -He is now the unchallenged ruler of Rome -He was given the title imperator -This is where we get the word emperor -Now Rome is an empire -Octavian had 40 years of ruling -He began a stable era of peace -He expanded the Roman empire into Africa -Tiberius ruled from AD 14 to AD 37 -Caligula ruled from AD 37 to AD 41 -Claudius ruled from AD 41 to AD 51 -Nero ruled from 54 to 68

I will be taking my test on June 2 from 8:55-9:45 AM. Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebeians (even though he was ultimately unsuccessful) military generals worked that angle - lead an army that conquers a land, then give them a share in the spoils soldiers’ loyalty was to their military leader, not necessarily to Rome or the Republic Julius Caesar was a highly successful general he conquered the huge territory of Gaul he made common folks happy made friends in high places He serves as a consul appoints himself govener of Gaul

A. Compare and contrast the  government of ancient Rome with the government of the modern-day United States .

-The Gracchus Brothers were Roman brothers who tried to reform Rome's social and political structure to help the lower classes in the 2nd century BCE -The brothers were politicians who represented the plebs, or commoners, in the Roman government -Julius Caesar was a Roman statesman and general who played a critical role in the demise of the Roman Republic and the Rise of the Roman Empire -He was also a historian and author of latin prose -Octavian was a Roman Statesman and military leader who became the first emperor of the Roman Empire, reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14 -The first Roman triumvirate was an informal arrangement between Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus -The second one was legally recognized and consisted of Octavian, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony -Pax Romana was the peace which existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire

-The Punic wars (264-146 BCE) -First Punic war -navels fighting for battle -Rome wins -second Punic war -Hannibal almost does the impossible:taking Rome -attacked Rome from the North -Third and final war -Rome wanted to finally remove the threat from Carthage -Carthage was burned for 17 days -the last 50,000 people were sold into slavery -Slaves poured into Italy -there were over a million slaves in Italy -

-Tarquin seized power like an old school tyrant -Tullia pursuades Tarquin to seize the throne from her father -Years later Tarquins son Sextus and is friends are drinking when Sextus tries to force himself on a matron Lucretia, she refuses and he threatens to kill her -everyone was in shock at everything that their family had done -Rule of the kings are replaced by rule of two counsels -Counsels are elected officials -always aristocrates -fifth century patrician was challenged by the plebs -plebs were victims of discriminatory decisions in judicial trials -Rome had no actual laws -SPQR designates any decree or decision made by the Roman senate and people -The US modeled their government to be like Rome's -The only difference was that Rome had thw twelve tables and the US has the bill of rights

-the Etruscans came from the north-central part of the peninsula -they were metal workers, artists, and architects -the Greeks also settled in Rome -they had many colonies around the Mediterranean Sea -Romans borrowed ideas from them such as religious beliefs, the alphabet, much of their art, and military techniques and weaponry -the Latins were the first people to ever settle in Rome -they were descendants of Indo-Europeans -They settled on the banks of the Tiber -many streams followed into the Tiber -there was a marshy area called the Forum, between Palatine and Capitoline Hills -Lucius Tarquinias Superbus was the seventh and final king of Rome -known as Tarquin the proud -he was a true tyrant

Today in Western Civ. class we listened to a song called Rome that was written by Chi Chicago. I thought it was really funny and a really catchy song. It made today's lesson really fun because it was really different from what we are used to be doing in Western Civ. class. The song had a lot of good information about Rome in it that I heard which was really cool. I really liked today's Western Civ. class.

The Twelve Tables were a set of laws that were written on 12 bronze tablets that were created in Ancient Rome in 451 BCE  and 450 BCE. They were the beginning of a new approach to laws where they would be passed by government and written down so that all citizens might be treated equally before them. They stated the rights and duties of a Roman Citizen. They formed the basis for Roman law for a thousand years.

This piece of architecture is called the Pantheon. In Greek that word meant "honor all Gods." It is a 124 feet tall and it opened in 126 AD. It is a huge museum that is a huge tourist attraction. The Pathogen is the single largest unreinforced concrete dome in the entire world. It is also the best preserved ancient Roman building in Rome.